Space

空间

Make room, mentally and physically, for studying. Usually you’re studying for something specific, such as an exam. This can seem daunting, like a mountain to climb. If this sounds familiar, take a deep breath and pause for a moment before you start。

把房间创造成适合身心两方面学习的地方。通常你在学习某一些具体的内容，比如一场考试。这似乎是件很难的事，像要爬一座山。如果这听起来耳熟，深呼吸，在你开始前停顿片刻。

Think of how you make yourself comfortable when you do something you really enjoy, like watching a favorite television program. How do you settle in for the show? Do you sprawl or curl up? Do you have favourite relaxing clothes? Do you choose a particular drink or something to nibble? Borrow all these favorite things to make your studying a better experience. If you’re in a good space physically, you can improve your mental space。

想想当你做一些你真正喜欢的事情的时候，你是怎么让自己感觉舒服的，比如收看最喜欢的电视节目。你是如何看待这些节目的呢?你是翘首以盼还是很慵懒?你有穿着最舒心的衣服吗?你有特定的饮料或是吃的吗?把所有这些心爱的东西聚在一起，为你创造更好的学习体验。如果你待在一个好的物理环境里，你会改善你的精神领域。

Place

地方

Create your own personal work zone. It doesn’t have to look like a work-space — that’s what many students find off-putting. Building on what you did in the previous paragraph, make the place your own and somewhere you enjoy。

创建自己的个人工作区。它不需要看起来像工作场所——这是很多学生觉得讨厌的一点。基于前一段你创造出适合学习的空间，再打造一个属于你自己的、你也喜欢的地方。

Pace

节奏

Find the right pace for your work. Sprinters work hard and fast in a burst of energy while marathon runners spread the load and build slowly towards the climax. There’s no right or wrong way to pace your studying, except what works for you. Notice the way you like to work, and adjust your pace accordingly. (Just remember, if you study at a slow pace, you'll need to set aside more time for the task。)

找到合适你的工作节奏。短跑运动员注重在一瞬间的爆发力，而马拉松运动员要分摊里程并慢慢达到极限。在为学习设定速度上不存在谁对谁错的方法，只在乎哪种对你最适用。留意自己愉快工作时的方式，并相应调整自己的节奏。(记住，如果你以一种缓慢的速度进行学习，你需要为完成这些任务留出更多的时间。)

Whether you have bags of time or a brief study period, remember that breaks are just as important as active study (10 minutes off for every 30 minutes of study works for many people)， and use those breaks to reward yourself with a small treat。

不管你是有充足的时间或是简短的片刻，记住休息是同主动学习一样重要的(对很多人来说每学习30分钟需要10分钟的休息时间)，并趁着这些片刻休息时间吃点零食犒劳一下自己。

Memory

记忆

It helps to know how your memory works. Here is the key to memory: in any sequence, people remember the first and last things best. Whatever you try to remember, you’ll find yourself recalling the beginning and the end, with less clear memories of the middle. You can’t change this — it’s wired in, it's how our brains work — so don’t fight it. Instead, use this fact to your advantage by organizing your study so the most important bits are at the beginning and end of your sessions。

了解记忆如何进行是有用的。 记忆的关键是：无论怎么排序，人们记忆最深刻的是第一个和最后一个。不管你想记住什么，你会发现自己总能回忆起开始和结尾，而中间一部分却记不清楚。你不能改变这一点——这是天生的，我们的大脑就是这样工作的，所以不要同它进行抗争。相反地，要利用这一点，通过组织学习使它成为你的优势，最重要的部分排在开始的时候和结束的时候。

Method

方法

It’s always good to have a plan. However big or complex your task may look at first sight, with a feasible plan you can always find a way to manage it。

有一个计划总是好的。然而不管乍一看这任务有多庞大，或是有多复杂，如果有一个可行的计划，你总能找到一种管理方法。

When studying, break your biggest goal into smaller chunks or tasks. It’s best if each of these chunks consists of a single topic. Often, you’ll discover one or two key elements that stand out and get fixed in your mind. You can then use those as building blocks。

在学习的时候，将你最大的目标或任务分解成许多小块。最好是每一小块都是一个单一主题。通常，你会发现一个或两个明显的关键元素，并扎根在你的头脑里。那么你就可以使用这些作为构建模块了。

Classic tricks used by memory professionals include ‘the house of memory’ where you place everything you want to remember in unique locations in the house. It’s also useful to use humor — play with your key-words and make them funny or outrageous. You’ll be surprised at how much easier they are to memorize。

记忆大师使用的经典伎俩包括“房子记忆术”，你把所有你想记住的全部定位到房子里一处独特的位置。使用幽默手法同样有用，赋予关键词有趣或惊奇的意义。你会对这么容易就记住它们而感到惊讶。

Mind maps

思维导图

A mind map is rough diagram that you can make to visually outline information. You can create a mind map by starting with the primary word or phrase of a topic in the center, with related, lesser categories branching out from it. Subcategories of these are on smaller branches, still. Your categories can consist of anything you think is important; they can be important terms, ideas, or tasks to complete — whatever you need to help you study or organize the information。

思维导图是一种粗略的图表，我们可以用来进行视觉化的信息梳理。创建思维导图可以在中心以话题的关键单词或词组出发，再从相关度和类别出发进行发散。从属的类别是更小的分支。你的类别中可以包含任何你认为重要的：它们可以是重要的术语、想法、或是要完成的任务，你需要的能帮助你学习或组织信息的一切。

Mind maps are easy to master if you don’t use them already, and you’ll discover they help you remember masses of information much more efficiently than conventional lists. If you're not satisfied with your current note-taking skills, try building a mind map during your next class or lecture and see if you find it more helpful。

如果你之前没有使用过它们，掌握思维导图很容易，你会发现它们能帮助你记住大量的信息，其效率远远高于传统的列表方式。如果你对目前记笔记的技巧感到不满意，在你的下堂课或下次讲座里尝试构建思维导图，到时候看看它是不是更有帮助。